Oceanic crust and Moho of the Pacific Plate in the eastern Ogasawara Plateau region     

Takeshi  Tsuji  Yasuyuki  Nakamura  Hidekazu  Tokuyama  Millard F.  Coffin  Keita  Koda 《Island Arc》2007,16(3):361-373

Abstract   To show the structure of oceanic crust and Moho around the eastern Ogasawara Plateau, we have analyzed industry-standard two-dimensional multichannel seismic reflection data. To obtain improved velocity models, phase information of seismic signals was used for velocity analysis and velocity models for oceanic crust above Moho were determined. We apply this velocity analysis technique to seismic reflection data around the eastern Ogasawara Plateau, with the result of clear images of structures within oceanic crust and Moho. South of the Ogasawara Plateau, Moho deepens proximal to the Plateau. Moho distal to the Plateau is ca 7 km below sea floor (bsf), whereas it is ca 10 km bsf near the Plateau. The characters of oceanic crust and Moho differ significantly north and south of the Plateau. To the north, the structure of oceanic crust is ambiguous, the sea floor is shallower and less smooth, and Moho is discontinuous. To the south, structures within oceanic crust and Moho are imaged clearly, and the sea floor is deeper. A strong Moho reflection south of the Plateau might represent a sharp boundary between layered gabbro and peridotite. However, discontinuous Moho reflections north of the Plateau might represent rough topography because of intensive magmatism or a gradual downward increase in velocity within a thick Moho transition zone. A fracture zone north of the Plateau also appears to separate oceanic crust and Moho of different characters, suggesting vigorous magmatism between the Plateau and the fracture zone, and that the Ogasawara Plateau and the fracture zone influenced the genesis of oceanic crust and upper mantle. Differences in acoustic characteristics to the north and south of the Plateau are apparent in profiles illuminated by seismic attributes.  相似文献   

Oxygen isotope evidence for short-lived high-temperature fluid flow in the lower oceanic crust at fast-spreading ridges     

Laurence A. Coogan  Craig E. Manning  Robert N. Wilson  E.I.M.F   《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2007,260(3-4):524-536

Millimeter-scale amphibole veins in the lower oceanic crust record fracture-controlled fluid flow at high-temperatures but the importance of this fluid flow for the thermal and chemical evolution of the lower oceanic crust is unclear. In the section of lower oceanic crust recovered at Hess Deep from ODP Hole 894G, which formed at the fast-spreading East Pacific Rise, these veins are randomly distributed with an average spacing of  1 m. We unravel the history of fluid flow through one of these veins by combining in situ O-isotope analyses of wall-rock plagioclase with major element analyses, geothermometry and diffusion modeling. Thermometry indicates vein sealing by amphibole at  720 °C over a narrow temperature interval (± 20 °C). In situ O-isotope analyses by ion microprobe, with a precision of < 0.5‰, reveal zoning of O-isotopes in plagioclase adjacent to the vein. The zoning profiles can be reproduced using a diffusion model if the duration of O-isotope exchange was ≤ 100 yr. A similar interval of fluid–rock exchange is suggested by modeling potassium depletion in plagioclase adjacent to the vein. If representative of fracture controlled fluid flow in the lower oceanic crust the limited duration of fluid flow, and its occurrence over a narrow temperature interval, suggest that high-temperature fluid flow in this porosity network does not transport significant heat.  相似文献   

Shear wave velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle underneath the Tianshan orogenic belt   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9  

LI Yu  LIU QiYuan  CHEN JiuHui  LI ShunCheng  GUO Biao & LAI YuanGen State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics  Institute of Geology  China Earthquake Administration  Beijing  China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(3):321-330

From April, 2003 to September, 2004, a passive broadband seismic array consisting of 60 stations was deployed over the Tianshan orogenic belt by State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration. Among them, 51 stations make up an about 500-km-long profile across the Tianshan Mountains from Kuytun to Kuqa. The receiver function profile and S-wave velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle down to 100 km deep are obtained by using the re-ceiver function method (Liu et al. 1996, 2000). The main results can be summarized as follows: (1) A clear mountain root does not exist beneath the Tianshan Mountains, and the crust-mantle boundaries underneath the stations mostly have transitional structures. This implies that the material differentia-tion between the crust and mantle is not yet accomplished and the orogenic process is still going on. (2) The crust beneath the Tianshan Mountains has laterally blocked structures in direction perpendicular to the mountain strike, and the crust-mantle boundary has a clear dislocation structure. Both of them correspond to each other. (3) The offsets of the Moho discontinuity are highly correlated to the tectonic borders on the surface and that corresponding to the frontal southern Tianshan fault reaches to 14 km. This manifests that large vertical divergent movement took place between different blocks. This sup-ports the discontinuous model of the Tianshan orogeny, and the Tarim block subduction is restricted only to the southern side of the South Tianshan. (4) Inside the upper and middle crust of the Tianshan Mountains exist several low-velocity bodies correlated with high seismicity located on the moun-tain-basin jointures on both sides of the mountain and between different blocks, and the low-velocity bodies on the mountain-basin jointures are inclined obviously to the mountain. This implies that the low-velocity bodies may be correlated closely to the thrust and subduction of the basins on both sides of the mountain, the splicing of adjacent blocks and the fast uplift of the Tianshan Mountains.  相似文献   

Sur l'origine par altération du substratum schisteux de la minéralisation chlorurée des eaux d'une nappe côtière sous climat semi-aride (Chtouka-Massa,Maroc)     

Samira Krimissa  Jean-Luc Michelot  Lhoussaine Bouchaou  Jacques Mudry  Youssef Hsissou 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2004,336(15):1363-1369

The origin of chloride ions in groundwater from the Chtouka-Massa plain (Morocco) was studied by using chemical and isotopic analyses of water, and petrographic and chemical analyses of rocks. It appears that the schist formation, which forms the basement of the studied aquifer, is the main source of the high Cl^? concentrations in groundwater. In these schists, chloride is, for a part, probably contained in biotites, and is released into groundwater through the weathering of these minerals. However, the exceptionally high chloride contents of these schists are difficult to explain if one does not assume that they also contain evaporitic-type minerals. To cite this article: S. Krimissa et al., C. R. Geoscience 336 (2004).  相似文献   

鲜水河断裂带蠕变观测与地震     

王兰 《四川地震》2004,(1):42-47

统计了布设在鲜水河断裂带上的DSJ断层水平位移测量仪建场以来发生的“短周期事件”年频次，用消除年变、一阶差分等计算方法处理DSJ数据并与DSJ同一场地的短基线数据进行对比分析，结果显示：DSJ“短周期事件”有地震前兆意义，具有无震蠕滑性质：蠕变波是可以在同一断层上传播的，并可触发地壳破裂。  相似文献   

新疆准噶尔地区花岗岩中微粒闪长质包体特征及后碰撞花岗质岩浆起源和演化   总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20  

李宗怀韩宝福  李辛子杜蔚 杨斌 《岩石矿物学杂志》2004,23(3):214-226

新疆准噶尔地区也布山、庙儿沟两个晚古生代后碰撞准铝一过铝质花岗岩体中，广泛发育大量的暗色微粒闪长质包体。岩石学、矿物学、主量元素和微量元素地球化学研究表明，包体与其寄主岩存在明显的亲缘关系。东准噶尔也布山黑云母花岗岩体中的暗色微粒包体与寄主岩有相似的地球化学成分，表明它是与寄主花岗岩相同成因的同源包体，是来自上地幔的基性岩浆经过高度演化、结晶分异的产物；西准噶尔庙儿沟二长花岗岩体中含钾长石斑晶的微粒包体则主要是由幔源的下地壳基性岩部分熔融形成的残余体，被酸性岩浆携带并发生成分上的同化和混染，最后在上地壳侵位的产物。同准噶尔碱性花岗岩一样，载荷包体的准铝一过铝质花岗岩是晚古生代后碰撞阶段构造一岩浆活动的岩石类型之一，其形成和演化标志了准噶尔地区后碰撞幔源岩浆底侵作用导致大陆地壳垂向生长的过程。  相似文献   

鄂东南铜山口、殷祖埃达克质（adakitic）侵入岩的地球化学特征对比：（拆沉）下地壳熔融与斑岩铜矿的成因   总被引：29，自引：22，他引：29  

王强赵振华  许继峰白正华王建新  刘成新 《岩石学报》2004,20(2):351-360

鄂东南地区铜山口花岗闪长斑岩体是与斑岩铜钼矿床共生的岩体,但殷祖花岗闪长岩体是与金属成矿无关的岩体。铜山口和殷祖侵入岩的元素地球化学特征与埃达克岩的地球化学特征非常类似,如高Al2O3、Sr含量与La/Yb、Sr/Y比值,富Na2O(Na2O/K2O>1.0),亏损Y与Yb,极弱负Eu异常-正Eu异常以及正Sr异常等。但是铜山口和殷祖侵入岩也存在 明显的差别:前者比后者更偏酸性,但具有较高的K2O,MgO,Cr,Ni和Sr含量,较低的Y和Yb含量,轻重稀土元素分异更明显,并主要显示出正铕异常,区别于后者的极弱负Eu异常-不明显Eu异常。这表明铜山口埃达克质侵入岩的岩浆来源可能比殷祖埃达克质侵入岩的岩浆来源更深:前者可能由拆沉的下地壳熔融形成,残留物主要含石榴子石;而后者可能由增厚的下地壳熔融形成,残留物可能为石榴子石±斜长石±角闪石。另外,热的地幔上涌,底辟(diapir)进入下地壳,导致含角闪石的榴辉岩发生熔融也可形成铜山口埃达克质岩浆。铜山口埃达克质岩浆在穿过地幔的过程中,将会与地幔橄榄岩发生交换反应:一方面由于受橄榄岩的混染而使得岩浆的MgO,Cr和Ni增高;另一方面岩浆中的Fe2O3不断加入到地幔中,导致地幔的氧逸度(fo2)增高,地幔中金属硫化物被氧化并进入岩浆中,富含Cu-Mo等成矿物质的岩浆上升很容易形成斑岩铜钼矿  相似文献   

大别造山带现今地壳结构-岩石组成研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

张本仁  张宏飞  高山 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2004,23(3):185-193

通过大别造山带岩石地震波速的高温高压实验测定值与地震测深断面观察值的对比，结合地表出露岩石对深部岩石组成的地球化学示踪，揭示了该造山带现今地壳各结构层的基本岩石组成：上地壳主要由长英质岩石组成，榴辉岩在其中仅占0～20％；中地壳(低速层)主体由长英质片麻岩和花岗岩组成；下地壳上部由80％镁铁质麻粒岩和20％长英质麻粒岩组成；下地壳下部由幔源底侵岩浆作用形成的镁铁质麻粒岩组成。下地壳和上地幔的泊松比为0.265～0．280，明显高于榴辉岩的泊松比，表明其中即使有榴辉岩存在，含量也应极少。各构造单元出露的白垩纪花岗岩具有相似的化学组成，其铅、钕与锶同位素组成均可与北大别的核杂岩相对比，表明花岗岩浆均应以深部核杂岩为源岩。因此，被白垩纪花岗岩侵入的南大别超高压变质岩单元和宿松高压变质岩单元深部均应由核杂岩组成，亦即超高压和高压变质岩应呈拆离的构造岩片覆盖于核杂岩之上。鉴于白垩纪花岗岩的钕模式年龄(tDM)均集中于古元古代(1．8～2．2Ga)，表明花岗岩的源区应限于核杂岩中构成原中地壳下部的古元古代结晶基底岩层。这为中地壳主要由长英质片麻岩组成提供了佐证。考虑到大量花岗岩浆的抽出，应留下更大体积的镁铁质岩残留体，后者在地壳流变增厚调整过程中可能因密度增大而下沉，也可能因地震波速增大而显示下地壳的特征，更可能由于这两方面的原因而使由镁铁质残留体组成的原中地壳下部转变成现今下地壳上部的组成。根据大别碰撞后基性火山岩和侵入岩的地球化学研究，还可证明组成大别下地壳的镁铁质岩更可能是1.1Ga前而非中生代形成的底侵岩层。实践表明，上述两方面研究的结合可较好揭示区域地壳结构一组成。  相似文献   

Thickness and V_p/V_s Ratio Variation in the Iberian Crust     

Jordi Julià  Jorge Mejía 《Geophysical Journal International》2004,156(1):59-72

  相似文献   

Sounding of electrical structure of the crust and upper mantle along the eastern border of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its tectonic significance   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

孙洁  晋光文  白登海  王立凤 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2003,46(Z2)

Sounding and study on electrical structure of the crust and upper mantle within the eastern border region of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau by using the magnetotelluric sounding (simply MT) method permitted us to understand the characteristics of specific electrical structure in the region. The sounding result clearly revealed that: (1) The Xianshuihe fault zone represents a large-scale lithospheric fault and is an important boundary fault of the rhombic Sichuan-Yunnan block. (2) The sounded region is a strong earthquake-prone zone. The different crustal media of blocks on both sides of the fault became an important deep background for the strong seismo-active zone. (3) A large-scale low-resistivity layer is found to exist at a depth more than ten kilometers beneath the northern part of the rhombic Sichuan-Yunnan block. Its electrical resistivity is only several to tens Ω?m. The layer northeastward extends down at an angle of 45°. It is related to an obstacle to the lateral squeeze of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and eastward flow of mass by the rigid block. It is inferred from the characteristics of electrical property of deep media that the northern part of the recent rhombic Sichuan-Yunnan block is in a thermal state and is one of the recently fairly active blocks. (4) The lithosphere in the sounded region is gradually thickened from the western segment (northern Sichuan-Yunnan block) to east (Yangtze block).  相似文献